Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State in southwestern Nigeria, has reaffirmed its position as a leader in traditional leadership innovation with its distinctive Obaship system. Unlike other Yorùbá towns, Ibadan operates a two-line ascension process to its revered throne, making it one of the most structured yet inclusive traditional systems in the region.

In this article, we’ll explore 6 things you should know about the Obaship system in Ibadan.

1. Olubadan Ascension Ladders

Any true-born son of Ibadan can become the Olubadan, provided he successfully climbs either the Olubadan (Civil) Line or the Balogun (Military) Line. Each line begins from the title of Jagun and progresses through 22 to 23 hierarchical stages.

2. Civil and Military Lines Rotation 

The ascension to the Olubadan stool follows a rotational structure between the two lines. For example, the late Oba Dr. Moshood Lekan Balogun Alli Okunmade II, who passed away on March 14, 2024, hailed from the Civil line and succeeded Oba Saliu Adetunji Aje Ogugunso I of the Military line. Following Balogun’s demise, Oba Owólabí Olakulehin from the Balogun line became Olubadan before passing on July 7, 2025, at age 90. This means the next Olubadan is expected to emerge from the Civil line.

3. No Specific Royal House(s)

What makes Ibadan’s system different? Unlike other Yorùbá monarchies, which limit succession to designated royal houses, Ibadan allows for a more open competition among all eligible Ibadan sons. This system ensures that leadership is not confined to a few families.

4. Promotion of Lesser Oba

In 2017, former Oyo State Governor Abiola Ajimobi introduced a reform promoting some high chiefs and Baales to the status of lesser Obas, aiming to modernize the system. His successor, Governor Seyi Makinde, initially reversed this decision but later reinstated the beaded crowns in July 2023, following amendments to the Oyo State Chieftaincy Law. Despite these changes, the traditional ascension process to the Olubadan stool remains intact.

5. Aged Monarch 

Due to the extensive progression system, most Olubadans ascend the throne at an advanced age. For instance, Oba Owólabí Olakulehin became Olubadan at 84. His predecessor, Oba Saliu Adetunji, was crowned at 87. The prolonged succession process, along with occasional deaths within the hierarchy, naturally results in older monarchs.

6. Longest-serving Olubadan 

Oba Okunola Abaasi Alesinloye Isale Ijebu holds the record, ruling for 16 years between 1930 and 1946. In contrast, more recent monarchs have had shorter reigns due to the late stage at which they ascend the throne.

In summary, Ibadan’s Obaship system exemplifies a blend of tradition and inclusivity, ensuring that the throne remains open to merit while respecting its structured hierarchical culture.